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(The University of Delaware)

The University of Delaware (colloquially "UD" or "UDel") is the largest university in Delaware. The main campus is in Newark, with satellite campuses in Dover, Wilmington, Lewes and Georgetown. It is medium-sized – approximately 16,000 undergraduate and 3,500 graduate students. Although UD receives public funding for being a land-grant, sea-grant, space-grant and urban-grant state-supported research institution, it is also privately chartered At present, the school's endowment is valued at about $1.3975 billion US. The University of Delaware is ranked 68th by US News and World Report in the category of "Best National Universities."

More information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Delaware

Runoff and soil loss monitoring at Sujala watersheds in Karnataka Water is one of the critical resource and constraint to crop production in the SAT. The spatial and temporal variability in rainfall is the point of concern for sustaining productivity in the SAT. The rainfall which occurs in torrential downpours is lost as runoff and also takes away fine nutrient rich topsoil along with it causing land degradation. In order to minimize land degradation and sustain crop productivity in the SAT, management and efficient utilization of rainfall is important. Hydrological data viz. runoff volume, peak rate of runoff and soil loss, plays an important role in the development and management of watersheds on sustainable basis. Hydrological monitoring stations were established in 2005 and data on runoff and soil loss were recoded in four districts. Objectives To assess the potential of runoff harvesting and soil conservation structures Design of cost effective and efficient hydraulic structures, To assess the sustainability of water and soil resources, and To assess the impact of watershed interventions. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh Results: The highest runoff of 80 mm and soil loss (3.7 t ha-1) was recorded in Haveri watershed. Kolar has recorded lowest runoff (18 mm) and soil loss (1.2 t ha-1) among four watersheds. The mean runoff of all location was 53 mm (9 % of rainfall) with peak run off rate of 0.021...

Weather and hydrological monitoring at TVS ASRI Farm in Tamil Nadu Water is one of the critical resource and constraint to crop production in the SAT. The spatial and temporal variability in rainfall is the point of concern for sustaining productivity in the SAT. The rainfall which occurs in torrential downpours is lost as runoff and also takes away fine nutrient rich topsoil along with it causing land degradation. In order to minimize land degradation and sustain crop productivity in the SAT, management and efficient utilization of rainfall is important. Hydrological data viz. runoff volume, peak rate of runoff and soil loss, plays an important role in the development and management of watersheds on sustainable basis. Weather and hydrological monitoring stations were established in 2005. Automatic Weather station was installed to collect data viz. rainfall, min. and max. temp, humidity, wind velocity and direction; and Hydrological monitoring with digital runoff recorder and microprocessor based sediment sampler to collect data viz. runoff volume, peak runoff rate and soil loss. Objectives To assess the potential of runoff harvesting and soil conservation structures, Design of cost effective and efficient hydraulic structures, To assess the sustainability of water and soil resources, and To assess the impact of watershed interventions. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh The mean runoff of 3 years (200...

Capacity building and field days of APRLP-ICIRSAT watersheds Tropicultor training, Burrakunta, Kurnool Seed treatment training to young professionals of APRLP at ICRISAT Field day of APRLP-ICIRSAT watersheds, Nandavaram, Kurnool Seed mela at Mahbubnagar Minister in watershed meeting Mahbubnagar ICRISAT staff meeting with farmers Watershed committee and farmers meeting at Mahabubnagar DPAP and ICRISAT staff on initial survey work, Karvemula, Kurnool Field day of APRLP-ICIRSAT watersheds, Sripuram, Mahububnagar Village meeting for seed bank establishment, Karvemula Kurnool Field day of APRLP-ICIRSAT watersheds, Nemmical, Nalagonda Field day of APRLP-ICIRSAT watersheds, Malleboinpally, Mahububnagar Farmers visit to ICRISAT Vermicompost training at ICRISAT APRLP additional commissioner, rural development visit to Mentapally Mahbubnagar NPV Training to farmers

Introduction: Weather monitoring is a pre-requisite for assessing the thermal and moisture conditions over watersheds during crop growing season. This information is very useful to understand the crop growth and performance during the season. Automatic Weather Station can record high quality weather data without human intervention for long periods. Also, these weather stations require very little maintenance and local watershed personnel can be trained in easy downloading of data from the datalogger. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, P.O. Patancheru – 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India ICRISAT – APRLP Project – Automatic Weather Stations in Nucleus Watersheds Consortium partners APRLP,Govt., of AP, CRIDA, ANGRAU, NRSA, DWMA, ICRISAT Setup: Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) were procured from renowned international manufacturer and they were first setup at the Main Agromet Observatory, ICRISAT, Patancheru for testing and calibration. Datalogger is programmed to sample the weather data for every 5 minutes and hourly average / total values are stored as final output. Air temperature, soil temperature (5, 10 and 20 cm depths), solar radiation, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and wind direction are monitored continuously. After testing and calibration, the Automatic Weather Stations were installed at Kacharam, Nemmikal and Thirumalapuram in Nalgonda district, Appayapally, Malleboinpally, Mentapally and Srip...

Introduction Agroclimatic characterization is a pre-requisite for assessing the thermal and moisture conditions over watersheds during crop growing season. This information can be used to understand the variability in the length of crop-growing season, planning agriculture for the watersheds in terms of selection of sowing dates, crops / varieties and management practices. Automatic Weather Stations can record high quality weather data without any human intervention for long periods. These weather stations require little maintenance and local watershed personnel can be trained in their operation. Near real-time monitoring of moisture availability to crops at watersheds during crop-growing season is possible with the data generated from AWS. Water balance and GIS techniques can help to better understand the onset of dry spells leading to drought. Proper assessment of these adverse conditions can help in better drought management advisory to farmers in near real-time for protecting and saving affected crops. Agroclimatic Characterization of Benchmark Watersheds: TATA-ICRISAT-ICAR Project Automatic Weather Stations Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) were tested, calibrated and installed at the Nucleus Watersheds for monitoring weather at micro-watershed level. Air temperature, soil temperature (5, 10 and 20 cm depths), solar radiation, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and wind direction are monitored continuously. To ensure uninterrupted...

Micro enterprise activities for income enhancement in watersheds Village based seed-bank activity, Karivemula NPV virus preparation, training and demonstration Mini-dal mill for value addition at Mentapally and Karivemula Women SHGs producing vermi-compost Explaining advantages of growing medicinal and aromatic plants Visit to Oil extraction plant from medicinal and aromatic plants Tropicultor training to farmers of Nalgonda district

Improved livestock : In Devas 21 progenies were obtained from newly established AI center. In Bundi and Guna watersheds AICs are functioning very well. A total of 39 goats worth of Rs 30,000 and 1000 chicks are purchased by the groups of Guna. Convergence of Income Generating Activities for Improved Livelihoods in Watersheds of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan Vermicomposting : Farmers have built multiple compartment system of vermicomposting which will reduce the labor cost and can produce large quantities of vermicompost . Nursery raising : Farmers are raising nurseries for different plants and selling in Devas and Guna watersheds. Fisheries : Four dug out ponds were used for fish growing in Devas. A total of 17 women are benefiting, 14000 fingerlings were released in to these ponds. Other activities : Women SHGs in Bundi watershed making detergents and purchased sewing machine for generating regular income. Village-seed banks The village seed banks are operational as farmer participatory seed production mechanism which ensures the availability of true-to-type varieties and quality seeds. The village SHGs are operating vilage-seed banks in Bundi and Madhusudangarh watersheds. In Devas seeds are procured and bank is maintained by SPS. One ton seed of improved chick pea, 4 tons of soybean and 735 kg of sorghum seeds are procured for redistribution. Introduction Tata-ICRISAT-ICAR watershed project aims at providing better livelihood options to various sections of ...

Rainfall Monitoring in SUJALA-ICRISAT Watersheds Watershed Locations 5 districts, 34 Taluks, 43 Watersheds At nucleus watersheds from June 2005 At satellite watersheds from June / July 2006 Rain measuring jar 20 mm capacity HOBO Event Logger ICRISAT fabricated dual-type recording raingauge BoxCar Software Tipping bucket system International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, Andhra Pradesh

Soil and Water Conservation Measures at Benchmark Watersheds in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan The improved soil and water conservation and management is to sustain productivity through efficient utilization of natural resources such as soil and rainfall while minimizing the land degradation . Water is one of the critical resource and constraint to crop production in the SAT. The spatial and temporal variability in rainfall is the point of concern for sustaining productivity in the SAT. The rainfall which occurs in torrential downpours is lost as runoff and also takes away fine nutrient rich topsoil along with it causing land degradation. In order to minimize land degradation and sustain crop productivity in the SAT, management and efficient utilization of rainfall soil and water conservation is important. Objectives Reduce runoff and soil erosion Increase water availability through improved surface and groundwater development and management Increase rainwater use efficiency for crop production Broadbed and furrow landform at Guna Contour trenching at Bundi Gully plgging at Bundi watershed A measonry check dam at Bundi Earthen check dam at Guna Farm-based conservation practices Community-based conservation practices Benefits Reduced runoff, soil erosion and land degradation Improved soil moisture and surface drainage Increased groundwater level Increased crop yields and profits Earthen check dam at Dewas Compartmental bunding at Bundi Sir Dor...

Global Theme on Agro-Ecosystems Water, Soil and Agro-biodiversity Management for Ecosystem Health Improved rural livelihoods, increased food security and sustainable IGNRM through out the semi-arid tropics as a result of greater impact of agricultural research for development To develop diversified income-generating options for sustainable management of soil, water and agro-biodiversity in the SAT systems To seek input-efficient, practical IGNRM solutions including: drought tolerance, water and nutrient use efficiency pest management low cost water catchments and conservation systems managing agro-biodiversity institutional and policy reforms for water usage IGNRM Watersheds Soil fertility Biodiversity IPM New tools Linkages/ Boundaries Impact Integrated Genetic and Natural Resource Management (IGNRM) Soil analysis in 200 watersheds revealed that 80 to 100% fields were deficient in Boron, Zinc, Sulphur, Nitrogen and Organic Carbon Micronutrient amendments increased grain Yield by 32 to 160% for maize, 70 to 240% for pearl millet, 63 to 165% for groundnut, 97 to 200% for pigeonpea and 40 to 111% for mungbean More than 1200 on-farm trials with low doses of Nitrogen fertilizers, were conducted in 2003-04 across semi-arid Zimbabwe Farmer-participatory selection of new crops and cultivars Establishment of village-based seed banks enhancing seed availability, thereby productivity Crop diversification through cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants In Kothapall...

Hungry soils cannot produce ! In Karnataka, mostly Alfisols exist in southern regions while northern part occupy with Vertisols and associated soils. In the region, land degradation is a major challenge which results in decreased land productivity. Most of the dryland soils are low in organic carbon and deficient in major and micro nutrients. Continuous cropping with meagre amount of fertilizers that too only N and P, combined with declining use of organic manures over time has led to large scale secondary and micro nutrient deficiencies. ICRISAT-led consortium project adopted watersheds as operational units for soil and water conservation and as an entry point for agricultural research and development (Wani et al. 2002). Rego et al. (2005) reported that the large scale benefits in different dryland crops (30-70%) due to micronutrient application in Andhra Pradesh. In the present study, soils from farmer’s fields of various watersheds in Kolar, Tumkur and Chitradurga districts in southern Karnataka and Haveri and Dharwad in northern Karnataka were characterized for nutrient availability and soil properties Introduction Baseline characterization of 5 districts revealed that soils were acidic (Kolar and Tumkur) to alkaline (Chitradurga, Haveri and Dharwad). Most of the soils were non-saline Low to high in organic carbon content (4 to 83%), moderate deficient in P (34-65%) and less K deficient (5-32%...

Farmers Participatory Integrated Watershed Management for Reducing Poverty and Land Degradation International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India About ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is one of the 15 future harvest centers supported by Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The headquarter is at Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India and its six hubs are located in Africa. ICRISAT’s mission is to help the poor of the semi-arid tropics through science with a human face through partnership-based research and to increase agricultural productivity and food security, reduce poverty, and protect the environment in SAT production systems. ICRISAT’s vision is improved well-being of the poor of the semi-arid tropics through agricultural research for impact. At Patancheru and it’s hubs in Africa, State of the art research facilities and laboratories are available. In the SAT main constraints for increasing productivity are: Water crisis and drought Low soil fertility Land degradation Increased population pressure Acute poverty Goal The overall goal of IWM program is to reduce rural poverty by increasing incomes through enhanced agricultural productivity while minimizing land degradation and sustaining development. An Innovative Approach Based on the learning's from watershed development research over three decades ICRISAT and national agricu...

Integrated Nutrient Management for Productivity Enhancement in Watersheds System Priorities 3A, 4A, 4C Land degradation through nutrient depletion is a major threat for sustainable development. Base line characterization in community watersheds in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat showed wide spread deficiency of macro and micronutrients. Organic carbon was severely deficient in Andhra Pradesh and P deficiency was found in 53 to 96% farmers’ fields Sulphur deficiency in 72 to 100 % and Available Zn deficiency in 67 to 100% and Boron deficiency is upto 100% in farmers’ fields Extent of nutrient deficiencies Increased crop yields from 16 to 80% in farmers’ fields were observed On-farm crop responses Effect of Nutrient Additions on crops at Bundi Watershed (Rajasthan) Project field with balanced nutrition Farmer’s field without S, B and Zinc Highest B:C ratio (1:2:18) was obtained with balanced nutrition treatment which increased from Rs 12440/- in farmers practice to Rs 23180/- with balanced nutrition Economics of micro and secondary nutrients in chickpea and wheat in Guna district (M.P.) B:C Ratio Treatment Earthworms convert bulky organic crop residues into valuable compost. It is an environment-friendly, simple, cost-effective technology to convert farm residues in to valuable compost in 60 days Besides organic carbon and several nutrients, vermicompost has growth promoting substances Vermicomposting Glyricidia leave...

Sustainable Crop Production in Vertic Inceptisols System priorities 4A, 4C, 4D, 3A BW 7 Watershed at ICRISAT, Patancheru 13.3 9.3 Nitrate-N loss (kg ha-1) 3.6 1.9 Annual soil loss (t ha-1) 0.137 0.101 Peak runoff rate 0-641 0-477 Range of runoff (mm) 179 127 Runoff (mm) 737 737 Rainfall (mm) Traditional Improved Parameter (Mean) Vertic Inceptisols occupy about 51 million ha in India, which are prone to land degradation. Soybean-based cropping systems are dominant with productivity below 1.0 t ha-1. Land degradation caused by high runoff and soil erosion, water logging, depletion of soil nutrients, organic matter and soil biota Inappropriate land, water and crop management practices Low cropping intensity Enhance water use efficiency Diversify systems with high-value crops (Vegetables & fruit trees) Increase productivity of soybean-based cropping systems through adoption of improved soil, water, nutrient and crop management practices Evaluate long-term effects of improved vs. traditional management on productivity of crops, natural resources and environment a) Land Management Systems 1. Improved system ‒ Broadbed and furrow system (BBF); Glyricidia on graded bunds + composted crop residue 2. Traditional system ‒ Sowing on flat with graded bunds b) Cropping Systems Mean surface runoff, soil erosion and loss of nitrates with management practices (1995-2006) Total grain yield of SB-CP and SB/PP systems during 1995-...

Tropicultor for multiple field operations in different watersheds in five districts of Karnataka International Crops Research Institute for The Semi-Arid Tropics, P. O. Patancheru – 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India Broad-bed-furrow(BBF) formation with Tropicultor, Kanakapura, Tumkur Tropicultor sowing at Chikkalinganahalli, Haveri, Karnatak Agriculture Minister Shri Srinivasgouda observing Tropicultor during Krishimela at UAS Dharwad Tropicultor demonstration at Kanakapura, Tumkur, Tropicultor operated by women farmer at Gudibande, Kolar Tropicultor plowing demonist ration at Anchatgei, Dharwad Tropicultor sowing at Huthur, Kolar June 2005. Sowing operation with Tropicultor modified for tractor attachment, Mardihalli, Chitradurga,2006 Seed covering with blade harrow attachment with tractor mounted Tropicultor sowing, Mardihalli, Chitradurga Tropicultor is a bullock drawn multiple purpose tool carrier with facility for attachment of various implements for landform, sowing and fertilizer application with seed covering, harrowing, cultivation and inter-culture operation. The usage of tropicultor will help in reducing labor requirement, timely and faster operation. Sowing with proper depth and spacing with multiple crop sowing possible, fertilizer placement will be at proper depth which will be available to plant. Tropicultor is also modified to tractor attachment and increased efficiency of operation and the blade harrow was modified for seed covering and removin...

Agroclimatic Characterization of SUJALA-ICRISAT Watersheds in Karnataka AVR Kesava Rao, SP Wani, Piara Singh, K Krishnappa and BK Rajashekhara Rao Importance of Agroclimatology Hot arid Hot moist semi-arid Hot moist semi-arid Hot moist semi-arid Hot moist semi-arid Hot moist semi-arid Hot moist semi-arid Hot dry subhumid Hot dry subhumid Hot dry subhumid AESR Pavagada Tumkur Sidlaghatta Gudibanda Kolar Hiriyur Chitradurga Ranebennur Haveri Hubli Location 95 25 Nov 20 Aug 50-150 mm 165 15 Dec 01 Jul 50-100 mm Tumkur 155 20 Dec 10 Jul 50-100 mm 170 20 Dec 01 Jul 50-100 mm 155 15 Dec 10 Jul 50-100 mm Kolar 130 30 Nov 20 Jul 50-100 mm 145 30 Nov 05 Jul 50-100 mm Chitradurga 160 30 Nov 25 Jun 100-200 mm 180 05 Dec 10 Jun 100-200 mm Haveri 180 05 Dec 10 Jun 100-200 mm Dharwad Duration (days) Ending Beginning Rainfed crop-growing period AWC District Variability in the length of growing period (LGP) at watersheds Annual PET is 1937 mm Annual average rainfall is 543 mm Annual probability rainfall is 66 mm Rain>PET is in mid-Sep Seasonal rainfall is 429 and PET is 918 mm Seasonal IMA is only 47% Kanakapura, Tumkur Huthur, Kolar Annual PET is 1638 mm Annual average rainfall is 711 mm Annual probability rainfall is 180 mm Rain>PET is in mid-Sep to Oct Seasonal rainfall is 549 and PET is 740 mm Water harvesting 2nd ...

٠All of Practitioner, plus tasks incorporates the University’s GenEd Goals and the program’s defined curricular standards ٠Task is clearly connected to key skills and content in curriculum ٠Time frame and scope of task match time frame and scope in the curriculum ٠Task is clearly connected to key skills and content in curriculum ٠Task is loosely connected to key skills and content in the curriculum Curricular Connection ٠Task contains many different skills and content, including higher-level thinking ٠Task contains opportunities for students to choose some of the skills and content ٠Tasks contains many different skills and content, including higher level thinking ٠Tasks contains many different skills and content ٠Task contains different skills mostly lower order Complexity ٠Task allows students to choose different assessment measures for the task ٠Tasks allows for different approaches based on the same content/skills base ٠Task allows limited room for different approaches ٠Tasks has only one correct response Open-Ended ٠Content and skills of tasks are highly relevant by connecting to students’ lives right now ٠Content and skills are clearly connected to life outside of school, such as the work world ٠Content or skills are somewhat connected to life outside of school ٠Content and skills are connected to later use in school only Authenticity Expert Practitioner Apprentice Novice Rubric to Assess a PBL or Another ...

TITLE LINE 1 (UPPER CASE) TITLE LINE 2 Example: J. Deitzel, W. D. Li (PD), M. Maher (ARL), L. Zhu (PhDChE), and M. Rahman (Intern) University of Delaware . Center for Composite Materials . Department of ************* TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE Use the format as shown. Poster title and slide titles are all upper case, authors are title case with degree/credentials in parentheses. Please do not change the size of the page in page setup. Select a 1- or 2-page poster so that you fill the majority of the boxes, if not all of them – I’ll work with the lay-out to make it look good. Use Arial font, no smaller than 12 pt. General text size should be at least 24 pt. Bullets shown here are preferred Please do not use checkmarks or artistic bullets unless they are part of the message. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Please include acknowledgements for the support of your work here or at the bottom of the first box EXAMPLES: This work is supported by the Army Research Laboratory through the Composite Materials Research program. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Advanced Materials Intelligent Processing Center.

TITLE LINE 1 (UPPER CASE) TITLE LINE 2 Example: J. Deitzel, W. D. Li (PD), M. Maher (ARL), L. Zhu (PhDChE), and M. Rahman (Intern) University of Delaware . Center for Composite Materials . Department of ************* TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE Use the format as shown. Poster title and slide titles are all upper case, authors are title case with degree/credentials in parentheses. Please do not change the size of the page in page setup. Select a 1- or 2-page poster so that you fill the majority of the boxes, if not all of them – I’ll work with the lay-out to make it look good. Use Arial font, no smaller than 12 pt. General text size should be at least 24 pt. Bullets shown here are preferred Please do not use checkmarks or artistic bullets unless they are part of the message.
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