Chia-Fang Wu1 Ming-Tsang Wu1-2 Inn-Wen Chong3 Kuen-Yuh Wu4 Chi-Kung Ho1 Chien-Hung Lee5 Jhi-Jhu Huang3 Chia-Tsuan Huang2 Chung-Ying Lee2 Trong-Neng Wu6 David C Christiani7 1Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety and Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University. 2Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 3Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 4Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. 5School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 6Graduate Institute of Environmental Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 7Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Chia-Fang Wu1 Ming-Tsang Wu1-2 Inn-Wen Chong3 Kuen-Yuh Wu4 Chi-Kung Ho1 Chien-Hung Lee5 Jhi-Jhu Huang3 Chia-Tsuan Huang2 Chung-Ying Lee2 Trong-Neng Wu6 David C Christiani7 1Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety and Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University. 2Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 3Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 4Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. 5School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 6Graduate Institute of Environmental Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 7Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Second-hand smoke and chronic bronchitis in Taiwanese women: A health-care based study 100bp Marker INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE STUDY DESIGN SHS EXPOSURE RESULTS OUTCOME DISCUSSION CONCLUSION COPD is a major public health problem throughout the world.
It is a chronically progressive disease characterized by the presence
of airflow obstruction (including chronic bronchitis and emphysema). (ATS, 1995) 23.8% 3 - 4% Women 29.5% 55 - 60% Men Caucasianb Taiwana Prevalence of smoking in general population Gender Bureau of Tobacco and Alcohol Monopoly, Taiwan Provincial Government, 1974-1996.
The 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey, Office on Smoking and Health, CDC. To investigate the association between second-hand smoke (SHS)
exposure and chronic bronchitis risk in Taiwanese women conducting
a health-care based case-control study.
To use urinary cotinine to verify questionnaire data about SHS
exposure from a subset of study subjects. Exposure definition
Subjects who reported smoking more than one cigarette per day for at least one year were defined as active smokers
Subjects who lived with a smoker and had been exposed for more than one cigarette per day at least one year were considered as second-hand smokers
Neither active smokers nor second-hand smokers were considered as non second-hand smokers
SHS exposure evaluation (≦ 40years, > 40years, and lifetime status)
Have you ever lived / worked with a smoker and, on ave...
|
|
