FACTOR X
CREATIVE SOCIAL CAPITAL
AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Lessons in Designing Rural Develompent from Gotland to Bornholm
FACTOR X
CREATIVE SOCIAL CAPITAL
AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Lessons in Designing Rural Develompent from Gotland to Bornholm
Peter Billing, Centre for Regional & Tourism Research FOCUS AREAS
Strategic areas of R & D relating to peripheral areas and island regions
Regional Development and Policy
Potentials and barriers of peripheral areas and islands in the Knowledge Economy
Strategies and policies for transition in peripheral economies
SMEs and business development
Tourism Development
Strategies and policies for sustainable tourism development
Destination development and management
Business and product development (e.g. ICT, Cruise shipping)
CENTRE FOR REGIONAL & TOURISM RESEARCH
Founded 1994 - Redirection 2002
From Research to Resarch & Development
50% Minisitry of Science, 50% External contracts
18 staff, inter-disciplinary
The Öresund Region (1993)
The Öresund Bridge (2000)
Regional Council (2003)
The Enlargement of Europe (2004)
Regional Growth Froum (2005)
BORNHOLM BORNHOLM
Population 43.000
Size 150 km2
Decades of Decline (from 1980’s)
Fishing and Agriculture
The Demographic Gap
WHAT IS BORNHOLM TO LIVE BY? The Big Solution – The Dynamic Region
Globalisation – Clusters – Creativity – The Three T’s 2. The Good Example - Benchmark Gotland
Transport – University – State – Regional Policy
Wrong, but ..!
Too much Copy & Paste
One size do not fit all
Wrong, but ...
Emphasis on externalities
Reinforces the pityful selfimage
... right! Both Globalisation and Gotland matters! However, we need to ...
Change focus
Depart from local preconditions and forces
Go beyond the visible
... then we can understand the conditions for rural development and revitialisation
CHALLENGING MODELS OF REGIONAL GROWTH The Vision of the Innovative and Creative Metropolitan Region 1) Resource allocation
Research and Development
Research based and innovative industries
Highly educated and qualified human resources
The Three T’s (Richard Florida)
2) System solutions
Triple Helix – fruitful meetings and networking between
academia, business and public authorities
Technology and Science Parks, e.g. Öresund Science Region 3) Access to venture capital
Forces of Regional Development?
”Does the new economic activities and working life really develop in the ’Hi-Tech Highways’ of the resource-centred metropolitan regions or is it made up by the sum of a variety of local and regional processes of development?”
Göran Brulin, Swedish Work Life Institute
Paradox of Globalisation (Michael Porter)
The more interlinked the world economies become, the more important it is with regional and local specialities based on clusters of networks, development projects and knowledge transfer.
The new working life for regional development and growth develops:
More randomly than assumed, in surprising patterns, as a number of islands, spots
or clusters of development activities
In metropolitan as well as rural areas
Through supporting and complementing relations
Facilitated through development support institutions and cooperation Dynamic environments, such as clusters and industrial districts are not self-organised. In the succesful cases, various types of development organisers – network co-ordinators, eldsjälar – play a crucial role. Sometimes the role as development organiser is played by single individuals, by a company, and sometimes by the public authorities. “Civic Entrepreneurs”
Challenging the resource allocation and system approaches
Even remote centers of knowledge can do well, e.g. Uleåborg in Nothern Finland. Display similar characteristics as other succesful entrepreneurial and small-scale regions.
Active social capital
Close collaboration between university/higher education and the local/regional community
Businesses cooperate and compete
Variety of inter-relations between social communities (religious, labor organisations, educational institutions and businesses)
Challenging the venture capital approach
Organic entrepreneurship vs. Venture capital driven entrepreneurship, is constructed in socially supporting environments.
The Myth of Entrepreneurship:
mutual support
sharing of skills and knowledge
development of new businesses benefit the community as a
whole
Economy of Trust
If people believe that the local environment will act in support then they will chose to develop activities, businesses and let them grow.
“What is new is that the regional culture and myths become regarded as important to create energy in local development and regional growth. But how is culture empowered, when does creativity become sublime, how does people and regions get energy through culture, traditions and the inherited knowledge?”
Guillet de Monthoux, Det sublimas konstnärliga ledning. Estetik, konst och företag. 1993. Thus, the factors that should be affected are rather social than technical or economic!
The X-Factor (Göran Brulin)
The combination of mutually nurturing networks, the social capital, the local culture and identity. Regional identity and culture becomes part of regional growth and development.
.
Peter Billing CENTER FOR REGIONAL OG TURISMEFORSKNING
FACTOR X AND THE GOTLAND INSPIRATION
or
The Art of Designing Regional Development
The Gotland Way of Entrepreneurship
Identipreneurship
Linkages between place, history and identitity “de allra flesta gotlänningar tror att de radikalt förbättrade förbindelserna med fastlandet har tillkommit som något slags serviceåtagande från statsmakterna. I själva verket är investeringen i dessa färjor uteslutande en effekt av Medeltidsveckan. Under denna vecka har det i stort sett varit omöjligt att med kort varsel ta sig till och från ön. Just denna överbelastning har haft en avgörande påverkan på Gotlandsbolagets beslut att investera i ett nytt snabbare och mer flexibelt båttransportsystem.”
Ex. 1 – The Middle Ages Week
Direct and indirect economic effects
Extended tourism season
Transportation improvements
Ex. 2 – Gåsamora Conference & Living FABRIKEN FURILLEN GÅSAMORA Farm living
Nature, animals and conferences
State-of-the-art design
Quality Food Products
The Bank: ”Farming? No Future! Come up with another idea!
Ex. 3 – Fabriken Furillen Limestone quarry
Photo settings
Hotel & Conferences
Restaurant
Photo studios
State-of-the-art design products (Kosta/Boda bar med B&O) ”No feasability studies! Live Your Dream!”
Göran Brulin, Swedish Working Life Institute
“What paves the way for the working life of the future; Triple Helix, Venture Capital and Resource Allocation, or is it regional culture and identity, i.e. Factor X ?
What has created the greatest value and growth; concepts like the Arlanda Highway and the Knowledge Society, or the type of regional identity that, for example, Marie Krøyer was part of constructing in Skagen? Very conscious in everything, from the big details, the light and the beaches, to the small details, the clothes, she constructed what became the notion of Skagen:
”Ingenting lämnades åt slumpen… Krøyers vita sommarkläder syddes av hemvävt ylletyg. Marie hittade tyget hos manufakturhandlare Rosenberg i Skagen och introducerade dess användning i herrkläder. Det slog an bland konstnärsvänner… (Tonni Arnold 1999: 115).”
What are the myths about Bornholm?
Which is the Bornholm Factor X?
Who is the banker that requires creative and innovative thinking as condition for loan?
Who are the entrepreneurs that dare to neglect ’feasability studies’ and instead dare to ”Live the Dream”?
TOURISM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
THE CHANGING FACES OF TOURISM ON BORNHOLM
Increasing number of visitors – VFR
Shorter stays
Transport capacity limitations
Restrictive Policy and Planning
Expensive destination
Small & Micro Businesses
Life style choice rather than an business opportunity
Service quality a la ”Basil Fawlty Style”
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Attractive place for living, study, doing business and visiting
New markets – customer segments and origins
Destination Bornholm – regional DMO
ICT as a tool/resource for tourists/industry
Development of short break and shoulder season activities
Establishing of alliances and network in the tourism sector
Innovative entrepreneurs in arts & crafts, food production
Customized product development – culture, nature, activity
BORNHOLM AND THE IMPACTS OF GLOBAL TRENDS
Ӥ
Which is the biggest tourist attraction on Bornholm? The Hammershus Castle Ruin Svaneke Brewhouse The Pernille Bülow Glass Works Rethinking the Tourism Destination and Product
Capitalize on the Bornholm Factor X
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