Globalization.
Globalization in Russia
International Days 2010 –
Technology and Communication
University of Applied Sciences, Vaasa, Finland
March 15-18, 2010
Natalia Kravchenkova kravchenkova@psu.karelia.ru
Globalization.
Globalization in Russia
International Days 2010 –
Technology and Communication
University of Applied Sciences, Vaasa, Finland
March 15-18, 2010
Natalia Kravchenkova kravchenkova@psu.karelia.ru
What is Globalization? long history (the Silk Road across Central Asia – the Middle Ages, investments in other countries)
nowadays – a new phase of globalization (cross-border trade, investment, migration) provoked by policy and technological developments of the past few decades (free-market economic systems, international agreements, foreign partners, advances in information technology)
What is Globalization? Since the 1960’s – numerous definitions and interpretations.
The term “globalization” main meanings:
formation of a “global village”
“free trade” and increasing relations among members of an industry in different parts of the world
negative effects of for-profit multinational corporations
the beneficial spread of capitalism from developed to developing nations
internationalization
What is Globalization? Globalization:
interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations
is driven by international trade and investment
is aided by information technology
Globalization has effects on:
environment
culture
political systems
economic development prosperity
human physical well-being in societies around the world.
Signs of Globalization increase in international trade
increase in international flow of capital including foreign direct investment
greater transborder data flow (usage of the Internet, communication satellites, telephones)
greater international cultural exchange
spreading of multiculturalism and better individual access to cultural diversity
erosion of national sovereignty and national borders through international agreements leading to organizations like the WTO and OPEC
greater international travel and tourism
greater immigration, including illegal immigration
development of global telecommunications infrastructure
development of a global financial systems
increase in the share of the world economy controlled by multinational corporations
increased role of international organizations such as WTO, WIPO, IMF that deal with international transactions
increase in the number of standards applied globally (copyright laws) Signs of Globalization
Initiatives carried out:
Promotion of free trade of goods: reduction or elimination of tariffs; construction of free trade zones with small or no tariffs
Promotion of free trade of capital: reduction or elimination of capital controls
Reduction, elimination, or harmonization of subsidies for local businesses
Intellectual property restrictions
Harmonization of intellectual property laws across nations
Supranational recognition of intellectual property restrictions International Agreements
Effects of Globalization Industrial - emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies.
Financial - emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for borrowers.
Economic - realization of a global common market, based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital.
Political - creation of a world government which regulates the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization.
Informational - increase in information flows between geographically remote locations.
Language – English as a global language.
Competition - improved productivity and increased competition.
Ecological - global environmental challenges being solved with international cooperation and pollution increase.
Social - development of the system of non-governmental organisations as main agents of global public policy, including humanitarian aid and developmental efforts. Effects of Globalization
Technical - development of a Global Informatiom System, global telecommunication infrastructure and greater transborder data flow.
Legal - creation of the international criminal court, international justice movements, crime importation, raising awareness of global crime-fighting efforts and cooperation, emergence of Global administrative law.
Religious - the spread and increased interrelations of various religious groups, ideas, and practices and their ideas of the meanings and values of particular spaces.
Cultural - growth of cross-cultural contacts Effects of Globalization
Russia and Globalization subnational territorial units in Russia are gradually becoming international actors
globalization of Russian regions is a very uneven and competitive process
search of the balance between globalization and regionalization
differences in Russian and Western perspectives of globalization
preserving ethnic and cultural identities
Russia and Globalization Russia’s external borders are the longest in the world (60933 km)
The number of bordering countries (16) is the highest.
32,6% of the total population lives in the border regions of Russia.
The perspectives of border regions are a mix of both opportunity and challenge.
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