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Tags: blogging | knowledg | manag | sourc | inform | rrc | share | colleg | educ
Knowledge Management
Canadian Institutional Research and Planning Association L’Association canadienne de planification et de recherche institutionnelle Conference 2004, Montreal Jim Goho Red River College jgoho@rrc.mb.ca .ppt available at www.rrc.mb.ca/researchplan Concepts and methods for delivering knowledge in the digital age
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Objectives for this session
To explore the concepts & theory of Knowledge Management (KM) To learn about some KM programs To discuss the idea of KM in Postsecondary Education and in IR To identify some of the controversies around KM
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Knowledge Management
© United Features Syndicate, Inc.
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What is Knowledge Management?
Defined in a variety of ways. KM in education: a strategy to enable people to develop a set of practices to create, capture, share & use knowledge to advance. KM focuses on: people who create and use knowledge. processes and technologies by which knowledge is created, maintained and accessed. artifacts in which knowledge is stored (manuals, databases, intranets, books, heads). Sources: Petrides, L.A. & Nodine, T.R (2003). Knowledge management in education: Defining the landscape. Edvinsson, L. & Malone, M.S. (1997). Intellectual capital: Realizing your company's true value by finding its hidden brainpower. Ford, N. (1989). From information- to knowledge-management. Journal of Information Science Principles & Practice.
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What is Knowledge Management?
"Knowledge management is a discipline that promotes an integrated approach to identifying, managing and sharing all of an enterprise’s information needs. These information assets may include databases, documents, policies and procedures as well as previously unarticulated expertise and experience resident in individual workers." Source: GartnerGroup Research.
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A Community College’s Definition
"A discipline and framework designed to help our organization acquire, package and share "what we know" to enable decision-making, creativity, innovation and communication." (Cuyahoga Community College)
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Where does KM come from?
Technology Infrastructure, Database, Web, Interface Globalization World wide markets, North American integration Demographics Aging population, workforce mobility, diversity Economics Knowledge economy Customer relations Quality Increase in information Specialization, Volume, Order Sources: Brown J.S. & Duguid, P. (1991). Organisational learning and communities-of-practice. Organisational Science. .O’Dell C. & Grayson Jr., C.J. (1998). If only we knew what we know. Stewart, T. (2002). The wealth of knowledge.
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The Rise of the Knowledge Worker
Source: Stewart T.A. (1997). Intellectual capital.
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Labour market employment shift to a knowledge economy
Source: Lavoie, M. & Roy, R. (1998). Employment in the knowledge-based economy.
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Digital Students
By age 21, the average college student will have spent: 10,000 hours video games 200,000 emails 20,000 hours TV 10,000 hours cell phone Under 5,000 hours reading Source: F. Prochaska, Students and Faculty Today: Inhabiting the Evolving Universe of Teaching, Learning, and Technology, 2003.
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Why KM?
Source: Luan, J & Serban, A. (2002, June). Knowledge management concepts, models and applications. Paper presented at Annual AIR Forum, Toronto.
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What is Knowledge?
Knowledge is justified true belief. Ayer, A.J. (1956). The Problem of Knowledge. Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experience and information. It originates and is applied in the minds of knowers. In organizations it often becomes embedded not only in documents or repositories but also in organizational processes, practices and norms. Davenport, T.H. & Prusak, L (1998). Working Knowledge. Knowledge is information in action. O’Dell C. & Grayson Jr., C.J. (1998). If only we knew what we know.
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Data, Information & Knowledge
Data, Information & Knowledge "We are drowning in information but starved for knowledge" Naisbitt , J. (1984) Megatrends: Ten new directions transforming our lives. Source: Luan, J & Serban, A. (2002, June). Knowledge management concepts, models and applications. Paper presented at Annual AIR Forum, Toronto.
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Two types of knowledge
Explicit knowledge Formal or codified Documents: reports, policy manuals, white papers, standard procedures Databases Books, magazines, journals (library) Implicit (Tacit) knowledge Informal and uncodified Values, perspectives & culture Knowledge in heads Memories of staff, suppliers and vendors Documented information that can facilitate action. Know-how & learning embedded within the minds people. Knowledge informs decisions and actions. Sources: Polanyi, M. (1967). The tacit dimension. Leonard, D. & Sensiper, S. (1998). The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Group Innovation. California Management Review.
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Layers of knowledge
Implicit (Tacit) Explicit Individual Organizational In people’s heads. Undocumented ways of working in teams, teaching. Cultural conventions known and followed but not formalized. Personal documents on my C:\ Formalized process for developing curriculum. Corporate polices and procedures. Source: Luan, J & Serban, A. (2002, June). Knowledge management concepts, models and applications. Paper presented at Annual AIR Forum, Toronto.
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In the Business World
KM is becoming a "big deal" in industry. KM involves collaboration, organizational learning, best practices, workflow, IP management, document management, customer focus and using data meaningfully [data mining]. KM requires understanding the soft skills necessary to work with people. Source: Clare Hart, President and CEO Factiva, Knowledge Management London 4 April 2001
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What are USA companies doing?
[Source: Milan, J. (2001) KM: A revolution waiting for IR. Paper presented at the 41st Annual AIR Forum.] 81% of businesses with KM solutions see productivity improvements. [Malhotra, Y. (2001).
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If Statistics Canada Measures KM It Must Exist.
Source: Statistics Canada. (2002) Are we managing our knowledge?
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What are organizations doing in Canada?
Knowledge capture and acquisition E.g., environmental scanning. Developing strategies for implicit K sharing: E.g., CoPs, virtual teams, list of experts & mentoring. Using technologies to store, analyze & distribute explicit K. Corporate portals, business K base, process control inventories, CRM. Source: Statistics Canada. (2002) Are we managing our knowledge?
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Relevance to PSE
Not on the agenda of most (Kidwell, Vander Linde & Johnson, 2000). However, universities and colleges are in the knowledge business. Many have KM organizational initiatives (e.g., Washington State Univ., Jackson State Univ., Santa Barbara City College, Cuyahoga Community College) Some use technology and some offer KM education. George Mason, Dominican Univ., Univ. of Washington, RRC
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