Corso di Sistemi in Tempo Reale Laurea in Ingegneria dell‘Automazione a.a. 2008-2009
Paolo Pagano (p.pagano@sssup.it)
Corso di Sistemi in Tempo Reale Laurea in Ingegneria dell‘Automazione a.a. 2008-2009
Paolo Pagano (p.pagano@sssup.it)
Course Outline (1/2)
First day (23rd)
Basics of FSM (slides by prof. Lipari)
The Uppaal platform
Formal verification
Second day (24th)
FSM implementation in C (slides by prof. Di Natale)
A case study
Real Hardware demonstration
Course Outline (2/2)
Third day (30th)
The OSEK standard
The ERIKA real-time kernel
Fourth day (31st)
A FSM case study
Discussion
What is an Embedded System?
Where are ESs?
Embedded computing systems are becoming pervasive in our society (more than 109 units/year): Robotics
Flight control systems
Plant control
Automotive
Consumer electronics
Multimedia systems
Sensor/Actor Networks
People say …
digital tv Timing constraints soft firm hard QoS management High performance Safety critical Criticality
Common features
In these diversified domains some shared features can be identified:
Dedicated function (vs general-purpose computers)
Reactive / Interactive
Real-time
Constraints on several metrics: cost, power, performance, noise, weight, size, flexibility, maintainability, correctness, safety, time-to-market
Standalone devices?
Networked embedded systems
System composed of various components (sensors, controllers, actuators) interconnected through a network
Cabling problem, mobility requirements ==> wireless
Wireless Sensor Networks:
Multitude of application scenarios
Environmental monitoring
Surveillance
Telemedicine, health care, industrial plant control, multi-view vision
…
Multidisciplinarity
Application context / domain
Embedded electronics / sensors
Embedded manufacturing
Control Systems Theory
Digital processing
Real-Time Operating Systems
Embedded Communications (Wired, Wireless)
Constraints
Research directions (1/2)
Architectures
Towards Network-on-a-Chip (NoC) systems
Traditional SW programming does not adapt well to massivelly parallel, distributed and concurrent hardware
Towards techniques for global design optimization w.r.t. some design metrics, e.g. Energy
Software
Real-time, lightweight middleware with QoS
Portability, multi-processor
Model-driven (higher level) SW development
Verification / validation through formal methods
Standardization
Research directions (2/2)
Communications
Power-aware communications
Lightweight network stacks
Heterogeneous communications
Mobile, home, Internet
Ad-hoc networking: self-discovery and organization
Multi-(interconnected-)device functionality
Peripherals
Cost-effective sensors/actuators
Working in harschy environment
Mechanically / thermally robust
Low power (power scavenging)
Fail-safe
What can we do in this wide domain? (1/2)
We can naively design an Embedded System making use of some basic knowledge of Finite State Machine theory;
We can simulate the ES making use of the Uppaal environment (demonstration use only for licensing issues);
We can implement our SW in Real-Hardware using fully customized FLEX boards.
What can we do in this wide domain? (2/2)
We can introduce real-time kernels to support multi-sensing and multi-programming activities;
We will work upon an existing demo application developed for ERIKA real-time kernels;
We will see how to fully exploit the power of a programmable MCU.
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