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;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg -k"j{zt{x?_ k|:t'ltM
8f= ;"o{ 9'+u]n
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k|:t'lt tLg efudf ljeflht 5
;+ljwfg ;efaf/] k|f/lDes rrf{
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt
k|ltlglwd"ns lgsfo
lgikIf lgjf{rgaf6 ul7t
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf k"j{;t{x?
;+rf/ hutsf] dxTj, d'2f tyf ljsNkx? -dfgj clwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6_
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;+ljwfg ;efM
;+ljwfg ;efM cjwf/0ff / k|lqmof
gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu ul7t k|ltlglwd"ns lgsfo -gful/sx?sf] ;ef_
;+ljwfg ;ef ;+;b\ xf]Og
gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ -jf ljBdfgnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{]_
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f -lglxt clwsf/_
sfg'g lgdf{0f -;+zf]wg ug]{ clwsf/_
ckgTjjf :jfldTjsf nflu ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmof
j}wtf k|bfg ug{ “gofF ;'?cft” (fresh start)
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;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjwf/0ffut cy{
hgtfdf lglxt /fhgLlts / sfg'gL ;fj{ef}d;Qf
;+ljwfgsf n]vs hgtf -xfdL g]kfnL hgtf====_
hgtfsf] ckgTj -:jfdLTj_
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L 3f]if0ff ug]{ j}wflgs lgsfo
;+ljwfg k|lt:yfkg ug{ hgtfdf lglxt ;jf]{Rr clwsf/ -To;} k|lqmofdfkm{t_
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cl3Nnf ;+ljwfgx?df 5'6]sf s'/fx?
;g\ !($* sf] /f0ff ;+ljwfg
;g\ !(%! sf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf]_
;g\ !(%( sf] ;+;bLo ;+ljwfg -;/ cfOe/ h]lgË;_
;g\ !(^@ sf] k~rfotL ;+ljwfg -lgb{nLo_
;g\ !(() sf] k|hftflGqs ;+ljwfg -;+j}wflgs /fhtGq_
;g\ @))& sf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f]_
5'6]sf tTjx?M hgtf¢f/f gn]lvPsf tyf hgtfsf] ckgTj gePsf, ;"rgf k|jfx Joj:yfkg, zlQm ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / ;fdflhs ;dfj]lztfsf] cefj
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;+ljwfg lgdf{0fM s;n], s] / s;/L <
s:tf] lsl;dsf] ;+ljwfg <
nf]stflGqs, ;dfj]zL, lbuf], dfgjflwsf/d}qL ;+3fTds ===== -l;4fGtx?_
;+j}wflgs d'2fx? -pbfx/0fsf nflu ;/sf/ tyf lgjf{rg k|0ffnL_
s;n] lgdf{0f u5{ <
hgtf¢f/f lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?af6
-cfd hgtf, ;dfj]zL_
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;+ljwfg lgdf{0fM s;n], s] / s;/L <
s;/L lgdf{0f ul/G5 <
lgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t
-;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj, ;dfj]zL_
;dfj]zLd"ns dfWoddfkm{t÷;j{;fwf/0f;Fusf] k/fdz{
-ckgTjsf] efjgf_ af6
lj1x?sf] l;kmfl/;af6 -k|fljlws ?kdf ;an / plrt 9+uaf6 tof/ x'g]_
:ki6 nIoM gofF ;+ljwfg
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k|ltlglwd"ns ;ef
;efsf] :j?k -cfsf/df l7Sssf], k|hftflGqs tj/af6 lgjf{lrt, k|ltlglwd"ns, df}lns l;4fGt¢f/f lgb]{lzt cflb_
;dfj]zL -l;4fGt / Jojxf/df_
lgjf{rg k|lqmof -lgikIf, ;dfj]zL tyf k|ltlglwd"ns, cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg'?k :jLsfo{_
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;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgsf k"j{;t{x?
lgjf{rg ljw]os -sfg'g_ / Joj:yfksLo k|lqmof
lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;dfj]lztf
lgjf{rgsf] lgikIftf ;'lglZrt ug]{ pkfox? -cg'udg ;+oGq, lgjf{rg ko{j]Ifsx?, cfrf/;+lxtf, kf/blz{tf, hgr]tgf, cfly{s Joj:yf, /fi6«;+3Lo dfgs / dfu{lgb]{zgx?_
;xeflutfd"ns ;+oGq -gful/s ;dfhsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf_
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/fi6«;+3Lo dfgsx? (Standards)
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/sf dfgsx? (UN Human Rights Standards) -cf]Pr;Lcf/ xft] lstfa_
cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?åf/f to ul/Psf dfgsx? (OSCE/ODDIHRE and IIDEA)
gLjf{rg clwsf/ / :jt+Gqtf ;DaGwL o/f]k]nL ;efsf] dxf;+wL -d;f}bf @))$_
/fd|f] Jojxf/M cGt/f{li6«o :t/df :jLsfo{ / dfGo
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cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
l;4fGttM nf]stflGqs / ljlwsf] zf;g tyf dfgj clwsf/k|lt k|lta4 -t/ d'VotM sfo{kflnsf s]lGb|t, sfof{Gjog kIf sdhf]/_
;jf]{Rr b:tfa]h gePsf] -wf/f ! sf afah'b_
cf7 /fhgLlts bnsf] ;jf]{Rrtf
-To;}sf/0f bnsf] k|e'Tj lje]bsf/L ePsf]_
lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ng;DaGwL sdhf]/ ;+oGq
-k|ltkIfsf] cg'kl:ylt, sdhf]/ ;+j}wflgs c+ux?, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] sfddf ;':ttf, Jojxf/tM zlQm k[ysLs/0f gePsf]_
hgflwsf/ ;'/lIft ug{ Goflos :jtGqtf gePsf]
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cGtl/d ;+ljwfg / lgjf{rg sfg'gx?
;dfj]lztfk|lt k|lta4 t/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+oGqsf] cefj -k|:tfjgf, wf/f ##–#^, ^#, !#*, !#(, !%$, !%&_
l;4fGttM nf\stflGqs t/ w]/} aGb]h /x]sf pkwf/fx? tyf cf7 bnsf] k|e'Tj
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg;DaGwL P]gsf ;sf/fTds kIf, t/ ;fj{hlgs k/fdz{sf] cefj] -ljwfog k|lqmofdf kf/blz{tf / hg;xeflutf g/x]sf]_
cg's'n jftfj/0fsf] cefj -;'/Iffl:ylt v/fa, lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ rflxg] ;a} s'/fx? gk'u]sf], hgr]tgfsf] cefj, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ldlt lgwf{/0f gePsf], cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] bf;|f] ;+zf]wg <_
b08xLgtfsf] ;+:sf/
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dfgj clwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6
dfgjclwsf/k|lt cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] pRr k|lta4tf -cltl/Qm clwsf/x? ;dflji6, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ ;+j}wflgs c+usf] :yfg k|bfg_
zflGt ;Demf}tfdf dfgj clwsf/sf d'2fx?nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ lgjf{rgsf] cg'udgsf nflu cg'/f]w
lgjf{rgsf] lgikIftfnfO{ /fi6«+3Lo dfgsåf/f dfkg ul/g] -k"0f{?kdf :ki6 gul/Psf]_
lgjf{rg k|lqmofsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ dfgs ckgfOg] (UDHR, ICCPR, OHCHR sf dfu{lgb]{zgx?_
pQ/bfloTjk"0f{ k|efjsf/L ;+/rgfsf] cefj -sfg'gL, /fhgLlts, ;fj{hlgs / cGt/f{li6«o_
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lgjf{rgsf nflu OHCR/OSCE sf dfgsx?
lgjf{rgsf nflu OHCR/OSCE sf lgb]{lzsfx? -!((%_
OSCE/ODIHR: k|hftflGqs lgjf{rgsf nflu Jojxfl/s dfu{lgb]{zg -@@ gf]e]Da/ @))@_
k|hftflGqs lgjf{rgsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGt / g}lts lhDd]jf/lsf cfwf/nfO{ UDHR / ICCPR df :ki6;Fu pNn]v ePsf]
UDHR sf] wf/f @! n] lgjf{rsLo k|hftGqsf kfFr cfwf/e"t kIfnfO{ klxrfg u/]sf] 5M sfg'g;Ddt, cfjlws, uf]Ko dtbfg, ljZjJofkL tyf ;dfg xs
oL kIfnfO{ ICCPR sf] wf/f @% n] Gofof]lrt 9+uaf6 pNn]v ug'{sf ;fy} k|hftflGqs lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ cGo tLg afWosf/L lgodx? yk u/]sf] 5M e]befj/lxt, k|ToIf lgjf{rg, / cleJolQm :jtGqtf
To;} avt o;n] UDHR sf] wf/f @! df pNn]lvt cfGtl/s cfTdlg0f{osf] ;fd"lxs clwsf/nfO{ tLg leGg} t/ cGt/;DalGwt, sfof{Gjog x'g ;Sg] gful/s clwsf/df ljeflht u/]sf] 5M lgjf{rg ug]{ clwsf/Ù k|ltlglwd"ns ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ /, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf kx'Frsf] clwsf/ .
o"/f]k]nL ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL dfgs (standards) jf/] dxf;+wL d;f}bf -@))$_
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;+rf/ hutsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf e"ldsf
k'j{¢gfTds e"ldsf (Promotional role)
lg/f]wfTds e"ldsf (Preventive role)
;'wf/fTds e"ldsf (Corrective role)
/fHosf] rf}yf] c+usf ?kdf ;+rf/ If]qsf] klxrfg
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c+tl/d ;+ljwfgåf/f Jojl:t e"ldsf
!= k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL k0f{ xs -;fy} jGb]hx?_
-wf/f !%_
@= :jt+qtfsf] xs -wf/f !@_ — j}olQms :j+tQtf ckx/0f x'g g;Sg]
#= e]befj ug{ gkfOg] -;du|sf]_ xs —-wf/f !#_
$= ;"rgfsf] xs -wf/f @(_
%= ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs -wf/f #@, !)) / !)!_
^= /fHosf] bfloTj -wf/f ##_
&= ;+ljwfg ;ef jf/] xs -;dfj];L_
*= :jt+q / lgikIf lgsfoåf/f lgjf{rg ;Dkfbg -efu !$_
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;+rf/ If]qsf] cxd e"ldsf
;+rf/ If]qsf[ ljljwtf ljr ;DaGw
pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf
u|fld0f tyf ;x/L If]q jLrsf] ;+t"ng
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d'2f tyf ljsNkx?
;fj{hlgs ;r]tgfdf ljsf; -hgr]tgf ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?_
dlxnf, blnt, dw]zL, hghflt, zf/Ll/s ?kaf6 czQm / cNk;+Vosx?nfO{ cfZjf;g dfq
lgjf{rg;DaGwL ;an lgod sfg'g / To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf ;+oGqx?
gful/s ;dfhnfO{ lqmofzLn t'Nofpg] -ljz]if u/L dfgjflwsf/sf] If]qdf_
;~rf/ If]qsf] pQ/bfoL e"ldsf
/fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ko{j]Ifsx?sf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt
lgjf{rgsf] cjlwdf cg'udg ;+oGqsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu /fi6«;+3sf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt
k|efjsf/L k/fdz{d"ns Pj+ ;xof]uL lgsfosf] :yfkgf -pRr:t/Lo ;+ljwfg cfof]u cflb_
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wGojfb Û
æjf:tljs k"j{;t{x?M dtbftfx?, lgjf{rg cfof]u, nf]stGq, ljlwsf] zf;g / dfgj clwsf/Æ
o;jf/] ;+rf/sdL{x? s] ;f]Rb5g\ <
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Comments