Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
The traditional role of libraries Mediators between information and users
Selection
Definition of collections
Acquisition
Physical objects
Description
Catalogs
Access
Shelves
Preservation
Controlled enviroment FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
Libraries: some figures Volumes (in millions)
Journals
From 10.000 in 1950 to 150.000 in 2002
Alexandria principle beginning to fade FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
Evolution of technology Computer technology
CPU and integrated chips (from KHz to GHz)
Random Access Memories (RAM – from KB to GB)
External memories
Tapes, hard disks, floppy disks
Memory sticks
CDs
DVDs
from MB to GB to TB to PB to EB
Communication technology (networks)
(Telephone) line speed
Point to point (leased lines)
Local Area Networks
Inter-networking (TCP/IP) FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
The World Wide Web Combination of computer technology and communication technology
It all started with the “hyperlink”
Then came the “browser” (Mosaic)
Then came the first wave
Then came the “dot come, dot gone”
Then came the second wave
Finally came the Web and the “information explosion”
An estimate of 500 to 1000 million hosts
An estimate of 30 to 50 billion pages on line
And now we have Web 2.0 (with Web 3.0 just around the corner) FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
Definition of “Digital Library” FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano * • Click to add text
DELOS
The Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries
Define and conduct a joint program of activities in order to integrate and coordinate the on-going research activities of the major European research teams in the field of digital libraries for the purpose of developing the next generation digital library technologies FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
DELOS visions
Digital libraries should enable any citizen to access all human knowledge anytime and anywhere,in a friendly, multi-modal, efficient, and effective way, by overcoming barriers of distance, language, and culture and by using multiple Internet-connected devices (about year 2000)
The potential exists for digital libraries to become the universal knowledge repositories and communication conduits for the future, a common vehicle by which everyone will access, discuss, evaluate, and enhance information of all forms (about year 2005) FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
What is a Digital Library ? A DL is the combination of “content and services”
A DL is an “entity” providing the functionality to mediate between information objects and information users in the context of distributed collections of information objects. This (external) functionality includes access, publish, delivery, preservation, personalization, etc.
A Digital Library is a “tool” at the centre of intellectual activity having no logical, conceptual, physical, temporal, or personal borders or barriers on information
A Digital Library is an “institution” in charge of providing at least the functionality of a traditional library in the context of distributed and networked collections of information objects FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
Digital Libraries in the Information Space
FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano * Structure of Data
Structure of User Behavior Digital
Libraries Databases/IR Web Low High High
Digital Libraries Technologies FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano * DLs Data Management Document Management Information Retrieval Artificial Intelligence Human Computer interaction Library Sciences Museum sciences Archives Sociology Psychology Image Processing Web
Conceptual Framework FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano * Contents Usage Digital Library System Management
Building a Digital Library FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
Research Directions in DLs FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano * Reference Model for DLS Foundations Architectures Information Access Audio/Visual Semantic Interop Systems User Interfaces Visualization Personalization User e-Health, e-Learning, e-Culture, etc.… Applications Horizontal Curation Preservation Repositories Evaluation Methodologies Evaluation Infrastructures
Need for a Reference Model A reference model is an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships among the entities of some environment, and for the development of consistent standards or specifications supporting that environment
A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and may be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non-specialist
A reference model is not directly tied to any standards, technologies or other concrete implementation details, but it does seek to provide a common semantics that can be used unambiguously across and between different implementations FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
A Three-Entity Framework FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
The three Entities Digital Library
An organization, which might be virtual, that comprehensively collects, manages, and preserves for the long term rich digital content, and offers to its user communities specialized functionality on that content, of measurable quality and according to codified policies
Digital Library System
A software system that is based on a defined (possibly distributed) architecture and provides all functionality required by a particular Digital Library. Users interact with a Digital Library through the corresponding Digital Library System
Digital Library Management System
A generic software system that provides the appropriate software infrastructure both (i) to produce and administer a Digital Library System incorporating the suite of functionality considered foundational for Digital Libraries and (ii) to integrate additional software offering more refined, specialized, or advanced functionality FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
Different types of DLMS Extensible Digital Library System
A complete Digital Library System that is fully operational with respect to basic/ foundational functionality required. It is based on an open software architecture, so that further software components can be incorporated on top of the ones already there with ease (DelosDLMS, GreenStone)
Digital Library System Warehouse
A collection of software components that encapsulate the core suite of DL functionality and a set of tools that can be used to combine these components in a variety of ways (in Lego-like fashion) to create Digital Library Systems offering a tailored integration of functionalities. New software components can easily be incorporated into the Warehouse for subsequent combination with those already there (BRICKS, DILIGENT)
Digital Library System Generator
A highly parameterized software system that encapsulates templates covering a broad range of functionalities, including a defined core suite of DL functionality as well as any advanced functionality that has been deemed appropriate to meet the needs of the specific application domain Through an initialization session, the appropriate parameters are set and configured; at the end of that session, an application is automatically generated, and this constitutes the Digital Library System ready for installation and deployment (MARIAN) FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
DELOS DLMS FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
Containment of models FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano *
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