* Zoology 106 course General Animal Biology For Premedical Student By Dr. Ashraf M. Ahmed 1429-1430H
* Zoology 106 course General Animal Biology For Premedical Student By Dr. Ashraf M. Ahmed 1429-1430H
* The Cell The Organism’s Basic Unit of Structure and Function Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Types
of cells Micro-organisms All other forms of life Cellulae (Small room) بدائية الكائنات الدقيقة متقدمة
* Cell Theory 1- All organisms are composed of one or more of cells. 2- Cell is the basic unit of life. 3- The new cell arises only from pre- existing cell.
All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane غشاء بلازمى.
The semi-fluid substance المادة النصف سائلة within the cell is called “cytosol”, السيتوبلازم containing the cell organelles عِضيات الخلية.
All cells contain chromosomes which have genes in the form of DNA.
All cells have tiny organelles عضيات صغيرة called “Ribosomes” that make proteins. 1). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in size and complexity Similarities أوجه التشابه Page 112
A major difference الفرق الأساسى between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the location of chromosomes موضع الصبغيات.
In an eukaryotic cell, chromosomes are contained in a true nucleus (النواة ).
In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is concentrated in the nucleoid (شـبه نواة) without a membrane ( بدون غـشاء) separating it from the rest of the cell.
In prokaryotic cell, DNA is a single strand (أحادى الشريط) or double strand (ثنائى الشريط) DNA. But in eukaryotic cell, DNA is double strand. 1). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in size and complexity Differences أوجه الإختلاف Page 112
(A)- Prokaryotes الكائنات وحيدة الخلية ذات النواة البدائية Page 112, 526 Micro-organisms الأحياء الدقيقة
Prokaryotes Bacteria Archaea - Exist in extreme environments البيئات القاسية (hot and salty) - Exist in most environments They are differing in some other structural, biochemical and physiological characteristics صفات Types of Prokaryotes Page 526
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