Short term memory Long term memory Anterograde and retrograde memory Long term memory Declarative memory Non declarative memory
Taxonomy of Memory
H.M. Control
The radial arm maze:
Used to test both working and reference memory
Working memory: within a trial
Reference memory: across trials
Tests the rats ability to optimize
it’s search for food
12.6 Hippocampal damage impairs spatial learning (A) A rat with a hippocampal lesion shows marked perseveration in a radial arm maze. Compare with the normal rat in Figure 12.1. (8) Lesions of the hippocampus or related structures impair spatial learning (black bars) while leaving cued learning (colored bars) intact. After Olton 1977.
Effects of hippocampal lesions on spatial learning:
1. Lesions to several parts of the hippocampus caused errors in
spatial learning, including perseveration: visiting the same
arm many times.
2. Lesions did not affect cued learning.
The Morris Water Maze: a spatial learning task Rat learns to locate the position
of a submerged platform by
learning it’s position with respect
to other landmarks. Rat must
encode the spatial relationships
between the platform and landmarks.
Cued learning: rat associates the
position of the platform with escape
from the water. The platform can be
moved and the rat locates it easily.
Placement of stimulating and recording electrodes
in the hippocampal formation (From Kandel et al.,
Principles of Neural Science)
Three forms of synaptic plasticity Dentate LTP in vivo CA1 LTD in vivo Reversal of dentate LTP by 5 Hz stimulation in vivo
“Classical” properties of LTP often cited as relevant to its putative role in memory
Persistence
Input Specificity
Associativity
“Classical” properties of LTP often cited as relevant to its putative role in memory
Persistence - memory outlasts its induction
Input Specificity
Associativity
“Classical” properties of LTP often cited as relevant to its putative role in memory
Persistence - memory outlasts its induction
Input Specificity - enough storage capacity
Associativity - to link information together
“Classical” properties of LTP often cited as relevant to its putative role in memory
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